— A novel flash ironmaking technology (FIT) based on the direct reduction of iron ore concentrate with a reductant gas (such as hydrogen, natural gas, coal gas, or a combination thereof) in a flash furnace is being developed at the University of Utah. This technology which is undergoing large-scale laboratory testing aims at overcoming the …
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— Alumina refractories contain a minimum of 60 wt% Al 2 O 3, ... grains size repartition and shape as well as to the individual …
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— Porous α-Al2O3 ceramics are a highly sought-after material with a multitude of applications; for example, they are used as filters, substrates, biomedicine materials, etc. Despite the availability of raw materials, a challenge associated with this technology is the high energy budget caused by sintering above 1500 °C. For the cold sintering …
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— 1. Introduction. Alumina-zirconia ceramics are widely used in the manufacture of artificial bone [1, 2], high-temperature engine parts [3, 4] and cutting tools [5] because of their high mechanical properties, excellent wear resistance, good thermal stability and great biocompatibility.However, since the high melting temperature of alumina-zirconia, the …
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— The relative density of the ZrB 2 was 95.3% after SPS sintering. This relatively low value is mainly related to ZrO 2 formation during sintering and residual porosity, which is related to B 2 O 3 ...
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The cold sintering process is successfully applied to one of the most refractory solid-state sodium-ion electrolytes, namely sodium beta alumina (SBA). By using a hydroxide-based transient solvent, SBA is densified …
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— Abstract: A binder for refractory castables is a bonding material that bonds a loose powdery mix, retains its shape after casting and allows the cast shape to set and harden for handling and further processing. A binder also improves sintering, as the castables are not compacted during shaping, causing poor densification and strength. …
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— Therefore, it must be synthetically produced either by a sintering or a fusion process. ... In the late 1980 s, spinel containing alumina refractories were also developed, especially castables for steel ladle lining in Japan. However, magnesia rich spinels have shown disadvantages for such applications because they are designed to contain ...
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For instance, reaction sintering of alumina (Al 2 O 3) and titania (TiO 2) to reach alumina-aluminum titanate (Al 2 O 3. ... that include non-calcined raw materials and depend on …
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— In recent times, nanotechnology has gained significant attention in the field of refractory research. As the unshaped refractory, especially the castable, is becoming of prime importance in refractory research, a good amount of work is going on globally to study the effect of nanotechnology on castables. The Effect of different nano-oxide binders, …
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— Due to the better sintering, mechanical and refractory properties of magnesia–spinel and alumina–spinel samples, the first (magnesia–spinel) is recommended for use as a basic refractory used in the sintering zone of cement rotary kiln, as a lining of side walls and the bottom of steel teeming ladles and checker work of glass tank furnace ...
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— Alumina refractories contain a minimum of 60 wt% Al 2 O 3, ... grains size repartition and shape as well as to the individual transformation and interactions of components during the sintering process [Citation 109]. In general, initial compositions are selected to attain the desired performance of final products. In the case of refractory ...
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Refractory Sodium β''-Alumina Solid Electrolyte via Cold Sintering Journal: Journal of Materials Chemistry A Manuscript ID TA-ART-07-2021-005933.R1 ... The cold sintering …
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The sintering process begins in a clay when it has been fired high enough so that it no longer will slake or break down ... has advanced to a higher state of sintering. Refractories can often be sintered to considerable strength because the high temperatures maximize particle packing and surface interaction. Sintered alumina or zircon ...
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— The raw material used here was commercially available α-Al 2 O 3 powder (TM-DAR, Taimei Chemicals Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) with a grain size d 50 of 170 nm, …
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— History of alumina refractories. ... As a result of this sintering process the physical properties of the refractory material are excellent and in particular, a uniform crystal bond is obtained in the brick. Mullite is also produced by sintering or fusing; the initial materials are clay or kaolin which are enriched to the mullite composition by ...
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— The thermodynamics of the reactions of alumina (Al2O3) with CaCO3, CaO, SiO2 and FeO in the sintering process of high-iron gibbsite-type bauxite was investigated.
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— SioxX ® -Zero (which is an alumina-silica-based powdered binder) proved to be an effective agent to induce the refractory' sintering and densification above 800°C [15], as a significant ...
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— PDF | On Oct 1, 2023, Amr ElDeeb and others published COST-EFFECTIVE AND ECO-FRIENDLY EXTRACTION OF ALUMINA BASED ON KAOLIN ORE USING THERMO-CHEMICALLY ACTIVATED LIME-SINTER PROCESS | Find, read ...
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— Calcium hexaluminate (CA 6) presents interesting properties and morphology, which can be readily changed depending on specific additives and refractory processing conditions.Aiming to investigate the role of calcium carbonate in inducing the formation of elongated CA 6 grains and also identify its sintering effect during the …
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— Unshaped refractory materials in the process of gradually sintering. From a process point of view, sinter is a sturdy, low porosity (almost airless 7L) stone made from a powder at high temperatures. Refractories degree of flexibility of the signs, usually with the object size reduction (the so-called shrinkage), reduced porosity and bulk ...
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The cold sintering process is successfully applied to one of the most refractory solid-state sodium-ion electrolytes, namely sodium beta alumina (SBA).
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— W–Cu refractory alloys are widely used in aerospace, aviation, electronics, power, and other fields. However, because of its large melting point difference between alloy elements, the conventional powder metallurgy method required a long time of high temperature sintering is very likely to cause low density and abnormal grain size growth. …
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— sintering process of alumina-based refractory materials . E M Vlad 1, R V Buzduga 2, M D Buzduga 2, V Caloian 1, E F Plopeanu 1, C . Pandelescu 1, C Dobrescu 1 and N Constantin 1.
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Abstract: Alumina ceramics are widely used in many fields such as cutting tools, laser shock materials, roadbed board and refractory. Herein, Al 2O 3 ceramics are prepared by a low-cost pressureless sintering technology, using the binary sintering aids of MgO and SiO 2. The effects of sintering temperature and the ratio of binary sintering aids ...
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— Besides alumina is a very important refractory material for the lining of furnaces and vessels in iron and steel plants. Role of alumina in ironmaking. Alumina during ironmaking enters the process through impurities in the input materials mainly iron ore. Alumina affects the sintering of iron ore.
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— The Sintering Process. Sintering works in a three-stage process: A primary part powder blend, with a bonding agent, is formed into a desired shape. The bonding agent sticks the powder together to make the shape of the part. This bonding agent can be water but it is more commonly a wax or a polymer.
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— Ferrotitanium slag was used as a sintering aid to prepare high-performance alumina (Al2O3) ceramics by pressureless sintering at different temperatures. The bulk density, apparent porosity, bending strength, and hardness of the 99 wt% Al2O3 ceramics after sintering at 1420 °C were 3.91 g/cm3, 0.16%, 389.37 (± 7.61) MPa, and 15.64 (± …
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— In this work, a casting process from water suspension was applied to prepare bulk alumina specimens doped with zirconia inclusions in the amount up to 0.5 wt.%. …
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— Refractories are mostly used in basic metal industries. In the steel-making process by the basic oxygen furnace (BOF), the molten iron from the blast furnace is …
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