Steel slag (SS) is a by-product of steelmaking process, accounting for 15–20 wt% of crude steel [1, 2].Statistics show that the global crude steel production in 2021 was about 1951.2 Mt, of which China's production was 103.28 Mt [].However, the comprehensive utilization rate of SS in China is less than 30%, which is far from the utilization level of developed …
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The chemical, mineralogical, and morphological characteristics of steel slag are determined by the processes that generate this material. Therefore, knowledge of …
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The wet-grinding specimens presented a higher hydration heat than that of raw steel slag specimens, and the microstructure of 3 μm-40% (3 μm steel slag mixed with cement as a dosage of 40%) is ...
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Some researches also show that the split-phase phenomenon occurs in the grinding process of steel slag, resulting in ground steel slag powder having some differences in chemical and mineral ...
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production data for slag were unavailable, but iron slag from blast furnaces may be estimated to be 25% to 30% of crude (pig) iron production and steel furnace slag may be estimated to be 10% to 15% of raw steel production. In 2021, world iron slag production was estimated to be between 340 million and 410 million tons, and steel slag
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Steel slag, the main solid waste in the steel-making process, is produced more than 120 million tons annually in China.Most of the steel slag was stored in the open air, which brought potential safety and environmental protection risks such as land occupation and infiltration of heavy metal components into the soil. In recent years, the …
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The optimum grinding time of steel slag is 60 min. The addition of grinding aids into the grinding of steel slag could increase the product fineness. The cement compressive strength at 28 d could ...
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Grinding is usually used to increase the specific surface area of steel slag to improve its activity. However, due to the large amount of hard-to-grind minerals in steel slag, a large amount of energy is wasted in the grinding process. Therefore, the current investigation …
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Gas quenching steel slag was comprised of C(2)S, C(3)S, a certain amount of (Ca(2)(Al, Fe)(2)O(5)) and RO phase, but the content of RO phase was relatively low, which increased the grindability of ...
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The converter steel slag cannot be widely used in building materials for its poor grindability. In this paper, the grinding characteristics of untreated and pretreated (i.e., magnetic separation ...
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1. Introduction. Basic oxygen furnace steel slag could be regarded as a kind of cementitious material with low activity. The hydration active phase of it contains dicalcium silicate (C 2 S), tricalcium silicate (C 3 S), tetracalcium aluminoferrite (C 4 AF), and dicalcium ferrite (C 2 F) which are similar to cement, when C 3 S and C 2 S are reached …
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This paper first reviews the sources of inclusions in continuous casting of steel including both indigenous and exogenous inclusions, focusing on reoxidation, slag entrainment, lining erosion and inclusion agglomeration on linings. Secondly, the resulting defects in continuous cast steel products are reviewed, such as flange cracked cans, slag spots, …
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As discussed earlier, slag produced during the steelmaking process is rich in CaO, a noncarbonate mineral, making it a potential raw material for cement clinker …
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The micromorphology and flatness of the workpiece before and after grinding with the gas-quenched steel slag abrasive were measured using a three-dimensional profilometer. Results reveal that the surface roughness of the workpiece is reduced to 1.526, 0.623, and 0.227 µm after grinding for 5, 10, and 20 min, …
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Introduction. China is the world's largest steel producer, with the China Iron and Steel Association estimating that the country's crude steel production in 2022 will be 935 million tonnes [Citation 1].Steel slag mainly refers to the blast furnace slag and converter slag produced in the process of iron making and steel making, and with the …
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DOI: 10.1016/J.CONBUILDMAT.2011.10.064 Corpus ID: 135517384; Enhance hydration properties of steel slag using grinding aids by mechanochemical effect @article{Zhu2012EnhanceHP, title={Enhance hydration properties of steel slag using grinding aids by mechanochemical effect}, author={Xi Zhu and Haobo Hou and Xuquan …
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30% of crude (pig) iron production, and steel furnace slag production was estimated to be 10% to 15% of raw steel production. In 2023, world iron slag production was estimated to be between 330 million and 390 million tons, and steel slag production was estimated to be between 190 million and 290 million tons. World Resources: Not applicable.
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The grinding efficiency of steel slag was obviously increased and the particle characteristics were improved after using grinding aids (GA), especially the particle proportions of 3-32 Mm were ...
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In China, BOF slag accounts for about 70% of the annual steel slag production (Cheng and Yang, 2010).In the BOF process (Fig. 1), minor steel scrap and a large amount of molten iron from ironmaking as well as fluxes (lime/dolomite) are added into the furnace, and a 99% pure oxygen flow is applied at supersonic speed through a lance …
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IRON AND STEEL SLAG. Domestic Production and Use: Iron and steel (ferrous) slags are formed by the combination of slagging agents and impurities during the production of …
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Slag is the by-product of iron- and steelmaking processes. Normally, around half to one tonne of slag would be generated for yielding one tonne of rolled iron or steel (Lobato et al. 2015).It was reported that the world steel production was 1.9 billion tonnes in 2016, which suggested that at least around 1 billion tonnes of slag is produced during …
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Ferrous slag is the by-product of iron and steel manufacturing. It arises from the conversion of ores to iron, hot iron to steel, from melting scrap in an electric arc furnace or from the subsequent treatment of crude steel. Each year, about 45 million tonnes of ferrous slag (iron and steel slag) is generated in Europe. ...
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The main mineral composition of steel slag is olivine, merwinite, C 2 S, C 3 S, C 4 AF, C 2 F, RO phase (CaO-FeO-MnO-MgO), f-CaO and Fe. Due to the presence of C 2 S, C 3 S, C 4 AF and C 2 F, steel slag could show a weak cementitious performance, which could be considered as supplementary cementitious material after processing. …
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When the wet-grinding steel slag content is 10%, the compressive strength of the specimen (constraint) after 28 days of curing is the highest, reaching 68.5 MPa, which is 9.3% higher than that of ...
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Basic oxygen furnace steel slag is a kind of cementitious material with low activity and hard for grinding. The objective of this work was to validate specious grinding aids F1 made in lab which ...
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Steel slag and GBFS are wastes generated during the steel and iron smelting process, characterized by their considerable production rates and extensive storage capacities. After grinding, they are often …
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The gas-quenched steel slag particles can be directly used without crushing. The performance of the resulting abrasive is similar to that of traditional grinding …
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The wet-grinding process was performed in a vertical stirred mill, as can be seen in Figure S2. The spherical zirconia (ZrO 2) balls with diameters between 1.2 mm and 1.4 mm were adopted as grinding media.The weight ratio of raw steel slag, water and ZrO 2 balls was 1:1:2. The grinding time was set as 60 min at the speed of 400 rpm.
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Steel slag could be valuable for promoting a sustainable relationship between the concrete and steel industries. C 2 S, C 3 S, C 4 AF, and C 3 A in steel slags are typical mineral phases of Portland cement, indicating the potential of steel slags to function as hydraulic materials. Therefore, one recycling option is to grind steel slags …
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